This monograph, is part of a larger study of the roots of Christian antisemitism as expressed in the "Chosen people" conflict between Jews and Christians. This work attempts to draw a religious-spiritual portrait of Justin as a dedicated and enthusiastic apologist of the Gentile Christian church. It pays special attention to matters connected with his propaganda war against Judaism' particularly the Election Polemic.

This four-part collection discusses Jews in Spain at the outset and their transition from a Diasporic lifestyle to hiding their Jewish identity in the shadow of Christianity. Furthermore, the essays delve into the history of Spanish and Portuguese Jews who underwent forced conversion and their relationship with fellow Jews on the Iberian Peninsula and outside it. The essays cover 1500 years of Jewish history in Spain, until the Spanish expulsion. The fourth part examines various aspects of Jewish history.

The twenty-one studies on the Jews of Old Poland here collected explore many hitherto uncharted aspects of Jewish life and experience in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Crucial questions such as relations between the Catholic Church and the Jews, Jewish politics, antisemitism and Jewish settlement are examined using the integrative and comparative approaches championed by Jacob Goldberg, to whom the volume is dedicated.

The establishment and activities of the " Central Association of German Citizens of Jewish Faith, Central Verein, CV " led to a fundamental change in German Jewry in the early 90's of the nineteenth century: a transition from the passive behavior towards the environment, to what has been called by some scholars- proud "Jewish activism". Before this period most Jews were indifferent to Antisemitism, or were afraid to deal with it, while the CV initiated an active response - Resistance - against it. Some claim that the struggle against the external factors resulted in internal changes among German Jewry: the rediscovery of Judaism. The attempt to justify Judaism to its attackers drove Jewish activists to learn more about Judaism, and find out the positive contained in it. This active response against Antisemitism brought assimilation among Germans to a halt. Other researchers disagree with this position, and see the CV as a continuation of the trend of assimilation; but they also agreed that the reaction to the hostility of the German environment following the establishment and activities of the organization did account for an important change in the history of German Jewry. CV and its professed ideology have been discussed at different levels of expansion and quality in many modern studies. This booklet is designed to focus on the organization during its founding, in the early years of operation - a period that received little study and attention, and is covered mainly by archival sources. This period is of great importance for understanding the organization, its founders' motives and the goals attributed to it.

There were Jews in Spain for nearly one thousand and five hundred years. The book depicts the last chapter of Jewish life in Spain, which ended with their expulsion at the end of the 15th century. The book begins with analyzing the expulsion order, continues with how their belongings were taken, and describes the cancellation of the Jewish-Christian credit, the exit from Spain, and the smuggling of belongings out of Spain. It ends with their return to their cities of origin. Beinart adds information about the Senior and Abarbanel houses, their description showing the abuse the expelled Jews suffered.

In 1888, Adolf Neubauer published two short Jewish-Spanish chronicles. One was written by Rabbi Joseph ben Jacob ibn Tzaddik prior to the expulsion of Jews from Spain, and the other was written eighteen years after the expulsion by Rabbi Avraham ben Shlomo Ardutiel.

In what way is the German nation like all the other nations? Is there a unique path which German History took? And furthermore- To which people can we liken the German nation? To nations in the Western World or nations from all over the world? This book attempts to answer some of these and other questions about Germany.