The crashing of two jet airplanes into the Twin Towers in New York is vividly remembered by most people in the world today. Similar powerful images have come through videos of bombing in Kosovo, Moslem riots in Europe, brutal reprisals of protest in China, terrorist attacks in Israel, Kenya, Thailand, Turkey, Spain, India, Russia and England. These global events have challenged the beliefs of people in the Western world, and many have found themselves grappling with the perennial questions of modernity: Where is the world going? Are we attaining perpetual peace, or are we simply in the midst of ‘perpetual war’? How can we come to terms with seemingly opposing historical shifts, one pointing toward a globalizing and integrated world, the other toward tribalism and balkanization? This book celebrates S.N Eisenstaedt's works in sociology while addressing these questions. It brings together highly qualified and esteemed scholars to revisit the questions above in a nuanced, comparative, and empirically supported manner. Shmuel Noah Eisenstadt is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is the 2006 winner of the Holberg International Memorial Prize.