With the demise of the Soviet Union and the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe, a number of questions regarding the conventional understanding of totalitarianism could now be viewed in the new light. The classical studies of totalitarianism were undertaken when Nazism and Fascism had been vanquished, while the Soviet system still existed: this created an asymmetry which could now be overcome. The ideological Cold War edge which sometimes accompanied debates about totalitarianism was similarly blunted. The impetus which these developments could give to new angles of research and historical perspective was the focus of the conference “Reflections on Europe’s Century of Discontent”, held at the Institute for European Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. More than a dozen participants from eight countries – political scientists, historians, lawyers as well as political activists – took part in what was an exciting exercise in re-evaluation and re-assessments. The results are presented in this volume.

'This new edition and translation is a formidable work of scholarship. In addition to a readable version of a complicated text, Segal offers the reader invaluable editorial help in negotiating these exotic tales; his extensive set of analyses of Alharizi's introduction and the fifty "Gates" (or sections) could constitute a separate monograph . . . A meticulous and accomplished work that will reward the general reader as well as scholars.' M. Butovsky, Choice Winner of the 2001-2002 National Jewish Book Award for Sephardic Studies

Qu’est-ce que le théâtre juif ? Le présent numéro de Perspectives tente de répondre à la question. Une définition ? Disons que la plus stricte en serait la suivante : un texte théâtral (au sens large un ballet, une chanson sont aussi des textes théâtraux) écrit par un juif et dont le sujet est inspiré par la tradition juive. Mais comment parler d’une pièce biblique de Goldfadhen ou de Leivick sans évoquer la manière dont le sujet a été traité par des dramaturges non-juifs pour qui la Bible, du Moyen Âge à nos jours est une référence constante ? Et à ce domaine immense des pièces bibliques, s’ajoute celui -souvent frère ennemi- des spectacles où figure le personnage du juif, l’Autre, le traître. Le domaine ainsi élargi devenait quasi-illimité. Il a fallu choisir et il appartient au lecteur de juger si nos choix furent pertinents.

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This pioneering study is a treasure trove of new information, illustrating the lives and professional experiences of the people involved in such a way as to demonstrate clearly both the obstacles they faced and the status they achieved. Its wealth of detail, in many cases fleshing out the careers of leading Jewish professional figures for the first time, makes engaging reading. The narrative proceeds chronologically with careful attention to social context, starting with the Victorian and Edwardian eras. For the medical profession, the account of subsequent changes begins with the influx of Jews into medical schools after 1914. John Cooper goes on to describe the problems these Jewish medical students, most of them from immigrant families, encountered. Finding employment even as general practitioners was problematic, and almost insurmountable barriers confronted aspirants to consultant status. Afraid of antisemitic claims that Jews were flooding the market, the leaders of Anglo-Jewry even tried in the 1930s to dissuade young Jews from becoming doctors and lawyers. In this context, Cooper also considers the position of refugee doctors before and during the Second World War. The establishment of the National Health Service in 1948 resulted in fundamental changes, particularly in the way in which consultants were selected, and Cooper shows how this permitted Jewish doctors to enter specialties from which they had previously been excluded and to climb to the highest rungs within the medical hierarchy. He summarizes the careers of many prominent Jewish doctors. The experience of Jews in the legal profession, both as solicitors and barristers, is examined in similar detail. Cooper sets the context with a discussion of the treatment of Jewish litigants in the early years of the twentieth century in the Whitechapel County Court and the criminal courts. He shows how the persistence of an anti-Jewish bias in the inter-war period limited opportunities for Jews and dissuaded them from entering the law; he also considers the position of Jewish refugee lawyers who came to England during the 1930s and 1940s. After the war, major changes in the economy and legal system allowed Jewish law firms to expand rapidly, challenging the dominance of the City law firms in the commercial world. Many of these firms consequently began to admit Jewish partners for the first time, and Jewish barristers, hitherto confined to the less remunerative areas of civil and criminal law, were likewise able to enter the more lucrative pastures of company and tax law. From the late 1960s, Jews were also promoted in increasing numbers to position on the High Court Bench. As well as giving a detailed picture of these mainstream developments the book also looks at the careers of Jewish communist, socialist, and maverick lawyers. The story John Cooper tells will appeal not only to readers with a general interest in the subject but also to social historians. It is based on a wide range of sources, including newspapers and professional journals, archival material, law reports, and interviews conducted by the author, and there are detailed indexes of names and subjects. As well as providing an illuminating account of recent Jewish social history, the book makes a valuable contribution to the history of the medical and legal professions and to the scholarly debate as to whether or not antisemitism was of peripheral or central importance in Anglo-Jewish history.

Korot is devoted to the study of the philosophical, sociological and ethical aspects of the history of medicine and Judaism. The topics covered by the Journal include: medicine in Jewish and Hebrew sources, the history of Jewish physicians, medicine in Palestine and Israel and medicine during the Nazi period. Korot is published annually. Each volume contains mostly English-language articles, together with some Hebrew contributions (abstracted in English). The "Historical Notes" and "Notes and Events" sections cover recent important developments and events in the above mentioned topics around the world. Each issue also includes several reviews of noteworthy books and contributions to the field. Korot is sponsored by The Dr. Manuel & Helen Glazier Memorial Fund of The American Physicians Fellowship for Medicine in Israel, and the Center for Jewish Medical Heritage. Its editorial board comprises scholars from the USA, France, Germany, UK and Israel. Korot is the organ of the Israel Association of the History of Medicine, of the Harry Friedenwald Chair of the History of Medicine and of the M. Glazier Institute of the History of Medicine, Jerusalem. Its past editor was the late Professor Joshua O. Leibowitz and the present editor is Professor Samuel S. Kottek, M.D.

The book deals with the concept of the monolog in all its forms and offers instruction and ways to build the monolog and make it honest, real and convincing. This book is intended for directors, professional actors, acting students, high school drama teachers and for anyone looking for a good monolog for an audition.