SHNATON - An Annual for Biblical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies – is the most important Hebrew Journal for the research of Biblical Verse and the world in which it existed. It includes article from all areas of research of Biblical Studies in which are included Biblical Verse, Ancient Near East and its History, Languages and Literature all of which are inter linked with Biblical Verse, External Literature, the Judean Desert Scrolls, Ancient translations and the History of Commentary through the generations. The Annual also includes a special critical section for comprehensive criticism of recently published books in these issues.

Galatians is probably one of the most misunderstood and misused books of the New Testament because of the lack of understanding of its literary style and original context. Paul’s Epistle to the Galatians is a fiery literary composition that was meant to grip its original readers with the importance of freedom from most of the commandments of the Torah that the Gospel offered its non-Jewish recipients. Like all the other Jewish polemical writers of his time, Paul used midrashic methods of interpretation as well as the language of passion, conflict, and exaggeration to pour forth his heart when he felt his congregation was being threatened by a Gospel of Works. This commentary helps the reader understand the delicate balance Paul sought between the Torah and the grace of Yeshua through its analysis of his literary methods and comparison to other Jewish texts from his time, especially 4QMMT from Qumran. The relevance of the necessary balance between faith and works is increasing in our own time as people seek Restoration to G-d’s original plan for his people, both in the Jewish people and in the Church. It shows both Paul’s love for the Torah and his awareness of its limitations to make a person righteous in the eyes of a holy G-d. This book is a must-read for those who want to understand the New Testament in its original context.

This volume is devoted to the part Jews played in the history of Lódz between 1820 and 1939. Specifically, it focuses on the place of the Jews in the industrial elite of this multi-ethnic textile town, and on its role as a centre of the modern movement and of Jewish artistic and literary creativity. It is the result of a collaborative venture with the Historical Institute of the University of Lódz.

This text has been translated for the first time, into Modern Hebrew, expresses aspects of the inter-religious dialogues during a time when Europe was experiencing a number of cruel religious wars.