Jonathan I. Israel is Professor of Dutch History and Institutions at University College London. He is the author of The Dutch Republic and the Hispanic World, 1606-1661 (1986), Dutch Primacy in World Trade, 1585-1740 (1989), Empires and Entrepots: The Dutch, the Spanish Monarchy, and the Jews, 1585-1713 (1990), The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, 1477-1806 (1995), and Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries, and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713 (1997), and editor of The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essays on the Glorious Revolution and its World Impact (1991). He has held visiting professorships and research fellowships in the Netherlands and France, and at the University of California at Los Angeles, and is a Fellow of the British Academy.