The book Mah Nishtannah: The Passover Night in the Sages' Discourse seeks to provide novel answers, based upon up-to-date methods of scholarly Talmud analysis, to ancient questions raised by the Seder Night, a night at the focus of Jewish culture from time immemorial. The book analyzes the focal points of this night – the Passover meal and its commandments on one hand, and the foundation of the Haggadah and the development of its design and history of its structure on the other.

This study examines the concept of United Nations peacekeeping operations and their execution in Cambodia, Former Yugoslavia and Somalia from 1988 to 1995. The research is anchored primarily in United Nations documents, which were produced following the diplomatic discussions that took place in the organization on the subject of peacekeeping in general and in the cases of Cambodia, Former Yugoslavia and Somalia in particular This research demonstrates, using the records of diplomatic discourse at the United Nations, that although there was an attempt to change the concept of peacekeeping operations, it eventually failed. The best explanation for this outcome is that international politics at the United Nations – at least as it concerns peacekeeping operations – is still conducted according to the principles of each state’s realpolitik. The states formed their stance on a case by case basis, while calculating power relations in order to advance their own national interests. Therefore their position on each topic did not necessarily match the declared position of any particular political alliance. Furthermore, many multi-functional operations were still executed in accordance with the traditional concept. The main objective of these operations was international mediation between belligerent sides in order to form sovereign governments and to deploy a 'peacekeeping force' in accordance with the traditional principles of international and local consent, impartiality and the non-use of force. Traditional objectives were preferred over new objectives such as democratization, human rights, and economic development.

The book focuses on the deviant behaviors of troubled Israeli youth, including juvenile delinquents, their accounts for their behaviors, and the steps taken by the agencies responsible for their treatment. The articles were written by experts in the various fields and academics who have an intimate familiarity with the reality of the subjects about which they write.

“For my dear grandson, David, this book in which he will not always recognize – and not incorrectly - the God of his fathers”: Levinas’ dedication encapsulates the issues he addresses in the thirteenth essays collected in De Dieu qui vient à l’idée ( Of God who comes to mind ). In contrast with a whole tradition of Jewish and Christian philosophy (Juda Halevi, Blaise Pascal), Levinas’ God is nor “The God of the philosophers”, neither “the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob”. “God” is not an object of thought or of faith, He cannot be approached nor by rational knowledge, neither through dialogue, or religious and mystical experience. Basing himself on Husserl’s phenomenology as well as on Talmudic tradition and on the writings of Rabbi Haim Voloziner, Levinas focuses on the ethical meaning encapsulated in the word “God”. Despite his quasi absence, “God” - or the absolute transcendence signified by this word - is never indifferent to the “here below”, he is never detached from “terrestrial existence and from human society”, from the place where infinite responsibility for the other is incumbent on me. In addition to his insights on “God”, Levinas deals with issues such as politics, religion and language, the Marxist concept of ideology, death, hermeneutics, the concept of evil, the philosophy of dialogue. He addresses the thought of Husserl, Heidegger, Rosenzweig, Buber, Bergson, Kierkegaard, Marx, Ernst Bloch, and Derrida.

This study is devoted to three interrelated subjects: We seek to understand the theory of Jewish criminal punishment, we shall endeavor to describe the role of pain and suffering in punishment, and we wish to present an encyclopedic view of Jewish penology, the history of criminal punishment among the Jews throughout history. We intend to point out that there was more than one system of Jewish penology. We will elaborate upon the existence of a classical system – retributory and expatiatory – related to a self-perfecting society. Only such a society would ordain a painless penalty for death for criminals guilty of the most serious crimes with malice and forethought and a painful punishment with immediate restoration to one's community for criminals guilty of lesser crimes. Criminal penalties for the purposes of deterrence (private or public) or of social rehabilitation are minor considerations. In addition to and alongside the classical penological system, we will be detailing other systems of a more practical nature: one governed by the King's law and others emerging from rabbinical ad hoc jurisdiction and communal legislation. These systems are less governed by the classical motivations of strict retribution and religious expiation (which continue to play a role – albeit a relatively minor one); deterrence and social rehabilitation, law and order, are their dominant considerations. Moreover the varying degrees of judicial autonomy granted to the Jewish community by the non-Jewish governments resulted in variations in penal practices among the various communities themselves. A summery in English at the end of the book.

Mental health professionals are constantly expected to check their professional approach, their relationships with their patients and their personal experiences from their ethical perspectives, in order to ensure responsible treatment that take into consideration the patients’ needs, their rights and benevolence, while avoiding as much as possible any harm to their patients or any others involved. In spite of the existence of many detailed ethical codes that are meant to assist and navigate professionals in their professional behaviors in a complicated therapeutic realm, it is very often difficult to choose the right pathway. Through our understanding the complexity of ethical dilemmas in therapy, evaluation, supervision and research we relate with a strong emphasis on the standardization of the process of identification of ethical dilemmas and their resolving, as auxiliary tools in coping with them. The Seven Steps Model for the solution of ethical dilemmas we hand in this book, we developed while taking into serious account both the potentials and the weaknesses of existing similar models, and on the basis of the professional expertise, we gained while our long services as members and chairpersons of the Israel Psychologists Association Ethics committee. After a presentation of the model and its professional roots, we present fifteen examples for ethical misconducts in various fields in clinical psychology, implementing the Seven Steps Model.

The book Research Ethics , was written by leading researchers from different faculties and departments of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The chapters illuminate various ethical issues in research and their theoretical and practical implications. Among the subjects discussed in the book are human personal rights versus the public's wellbeing, academic freedom and research financed by industries, ethics of scientific publications, and directions and current trends in research ethics. The book includes also chapters which discuss various applications of research ethics such as psychology, genetics and the use of animals and stem cells for research. In addition, six practical illustrative ethical case examples in research practice are analyzed. The book is a challenging reading for researchers and students in universities and other high education institutes, and for whoever thinks that scientific work should be carried out with responsibility and transparency.

What is a secret? On the one hand, it is a mystery in its most fundamental form. It is what should never be disclosed. On the other hand, in order for it to be defined as a secret, it has to be formulated in words, be told to someone, a very special one, secretly. The teller of the secret creates a treaty of loyalty with her addressee, a loyalty which exceeds the self, yet somehow remains within it. They are either two people trying to function as one, or one person who is divided into two. This analysis raises various dilemmas regarding both the personal and public arenas. When does the secret force itself upon us and what is the meaning of its appearance? My close friend tells me secretly that he is disloyal to his wife, who is also a close friend. Should I tell her? I am gossiping with A on B’s behavior. Is this immoral? What should be the guidelines of right and wrong when it comes to the secrets of decision makers in the political sphere? Whom do they represent in their confidential conversations? Who should decide on state secrets? And what should be the role of the press in this context? Whom are doctors to be loyal to – their patients? The public? Their profession? If a patient suffers from the HIV virus and refuses to tell that to his partner, is the doctor allowed (or obliged) to tell her? Some of these questions are given definite answers in this book; others remain undecided. And while discussing them, The Secret Is Out also analyses concepts such as the nature of promises, political ethics, the relations between the individual and the public, and the essence of love. The book examines philosophical works, sociological studies, passages from the Bible and the Talmud, laws of parliament, fiction and poetry.

Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority “Peace”, “justice”, “eschatology” and even “god” were terms considered irrelevant by many of Emmanuel Levinas’s contemporaries. However, Levians chooses to make them central to his book Totality and Infinity, drawing upon Jewish thought and accomplished scholars often brushed aside by Western philosophy. Published in1961, this book has become one of the milestones of philosophical thought in the 20th century. Levinas outlines a trail leading from egoism, or “atheism”, of the individual subject to its breaking point, which occurs upon encountering the Other, whose face produces infinity. He describes the tension between ethics and politics, conducting a critical dialogue with some of the forefathers of Western philosophy like Plato, Hegel, Buber and Heidegger. Témoignage de Thérèse Goldstein, assistante d’Emmanuel Levinas à l’ENIO (Ecole Normale Israélite Orientale, Paris ), qui a dactylographié Totalité et Infini, ainsi que l’essentiel de son œuvre entre 1953 et 1980 : «Si on avait parfois du mal à le comprendre, c’est que sa pensée était plus rapide que son élocution. Son écriture était aussi nerveuse, souvent difficile à déchiffrer. Si vous aviez vu sur quels brouillons ont été écrits Totalité et Infini ou Difficile Liberté ! Il s’agissait aussi bien de dos d’enveloppes, de bas de bons de commandes ou du moindre morceau de papier vierge. Je devais souvent tourner la feuille dans tous les sens pour retrouver la fin des phrases. Il utilisait son stylo plume rechargeable – surtout pas à cartouches, elles s’épuisaient trop vite ! – Il écrivait beaucoup, corrigeait énormément, biffait, découpait, faisait des collages. Il n’arrêtait que lorsque le texte traduisait sa pensée avec exactitude… » « Il me donnait ses manuscrits, je les tapais, il me corrigeait, il n’était jamais satisfait de ce qu’il faisait. Un jour, il a osé me demander si je trouvais çà bien ! »

This book deals with being grateful and with the moral status of gratitude. It claims that gratitude is a moral obligation of great importance, being the right response to something done for the agent and out of regard for her. The more is done for her, the more grateful she should be. And yet, it seems that whoever is doing something out of regard for us is expecting nothing in return. Gratitude thus becomes a paradoxical obligation: the recipient of the favor owes something to the giver, which the giver does not want. Sometimes the recipient does not want it either. He is attached to it unwillingly, trying to rid himself of it if he only could. Can he? And how are his attempts to do so connected to being ungrateful? This book analyses such cases, and juxtaposes them with cases of full and happy gratitude. I claim that children's gratitude towards their parents is the paradigm case of full gratitude. But how can children show their gratitude? What should they do? Can one really do enough to thank another for upbringing one and shaping her into who she is? This is a philosophical book, presenting and criticizing philosophical analyses of gratitude, from Seneca to Kant, and from Kant to modern thinkers. But among its heros you will also find Dickens's Pip of "Great Expectations," Rabi Hia, Rabi and a Koves (washer) from the Talmud, key figures of psychological and sociological thinking, Jean Valjean and Javert of Hugo's "Les Miserables," and a construction and development company selling shares at the stock exchange.