This very accessible introduction to hasidism as a movement opens a new window on its mystical underpinnings. It discusses the origins and dissemination of hasidism and the literature that facilitated this; the theological basis of hasidism and the mystical significance of the tsadik; the major figures of hasidism; and the complex links to kabbalah and Shabbateanism. The discussion of the intellectual and social implications highlights the eighteenth century as a key period in modern Jewish history. Professor Elior was awarded the 2006 Gershom Scholem Prize for the Study of Kabbalah and Jewish Mysticism by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

This volume focuses on Polish Jews in Germany; Zionism in Poland; and art and architecture. More specifically, this latter section considers the physical impact of the Jewish presence in Polish towns-in general, and in Góra Kalwaria, home to the Gerer hasidic dynasty; there is also a map of synagogue buildings still standing in 1988 and an inventory showing their current use, and an illustrated article on new Jewish monuments in Warsaw. Several of the remaining articles relate to Polish or Yiddish literature. Some of the articles in this volume: -Góra Kalwaria: The Impact of a Hasidic Cult on the Urban Landscape of a Small Polish Town -The Function of Synagogues in the PPR, 1988 -Polish Jews in Germany The Expulsion of Jews with Polish Citizenship from Bavaria in 1923 -The Beginnings of the Zionist Movement in Congress Poland: The Victory of the Hasidim over the Zionists? -Yiddish Literature and Collective Memory: The Case of the Chmielnicki Massacres -Polish Socialism and the Jewish Question on the Eve of the Establishment of the Polish Socialist Party (PPR) and Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland -The Conference 'Studies on the History of the Jewish Inhabitants of Silesia', Wroclaw, 1998 Contributors Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska, Józef Adelson, Mark Baker, Wladyslaw T. Bartoszewski, Eleonora Bergman, Andrzej S. Ciechanowiecki, Artur Eisenbach, John P. Fox, Jedrzej Giertych, Joseph Goldstein, Karel Grünberg, Jan Jagielski, Stanislaw Jankowski, Paul Latawski, Krystyn Matwijowski, Jadwiga Maurer, Moshe Mishkinsky, Israel Oppenheim, Adam Penkalla, Maria and Kazimierz Pietchotka, Krzysztof Pilarczyk, Tomasz Polanski, Laura Quercioli-Mincer, Chone Shmeruk, Laurence Weinbaum

תנועת החסידות, שהחלה כחוג מצומצם של אנשי סגולה, הפכה לתנועה המונית שעיצבה את דמותה של החברה היהודית המזרח אירופאית, והיא ממשיכה להתקיים ולהשפיע עד עצם היום הזה. החסידות מצטיירת כתופעה תרבותית-חברתית בעלת השקפה מקורית על תבל ומלואה. הספר עדה ומדינה דן בחסידות חב"ד-אחד הזרמים החשובים בתנועת החסידות ברוסיה במאה התשע עשרה. זרם זה, שבראשו עמדה שושלת שנאורסון-שנאור זלמן מליאדי וצאצאיו, השפיע על קהילות רבות ומשך תשומת לב רבה מצד הממשלה הרוסית ומצד המשכילים. ניתוח סוציו-היסטורי של התפתחות העדה החב"דית מאפשר לבחון את הדינמיקה המוסדית של החברה החסידית, להתחקות אחר היווצרות מנגנוני הניהול שלה ולעמוד על שורשי המשברים הפנימיים שמאפיינים את החסידות כתנועה כריזמטית. הספר בוחן גם את מעורבותה של הנהגת חב"ד ביזמות רפורמטוריות של הממשלה הצארית באמצע המאה התשע עשרה, ואת המתחים שנוצרו בעקבות יזמות אלה בין החברה היהודית המסורתית לבין השלטון המרכזי. חיוניותה הבלתי רגילה של תנועת החסידות, ובכללה חסידות חב"ד, אריכות ימיה ורבגוניותה, מציבות בפני היסטוריונים שאלות מורכבות של הגדרת מקומה ותפקידה בתהליכים החברתיים הכלל-יהודיים גם כיום.

The conflict between Haskalah and hasidism was one of the most important forces in shaping the world of Polish Jewry for almost two centuries, but our understanding of it has long been dominated by theories based on stereotypes rather than detailed analysis of the available sources. In this award-winning study, Marcin Wodzinski challenges the long-established theories about the conflict by contextualizing it, principally in the Kingdom of Poland but also with regard to other parts of eastern Europe. Covering the period from the earliest anti-hasidic polemics in the late eighteenth century through to the post-Haskalah movements of the twentieth century, it follows the development of this important conflict in its central arena. Using source materials (including many hitherto unknown documents) in Polish and five other languages, Wodzinski has succeeded in reconstructing the way the conflict expressed itself. Identifying the motives, the methods, and the consequences of the conflict as it was played out in five Polish towns (Lódz, Opoczno, Piotrków, Warsaw, and Warta), he shows that it was primarily informed by non-ideological clashes at the level of local communities rather than by high-level ideological debates. Much attention is also devoted to the general characteristics of hasidism and the Haskalah, as well as to the post-Haskalah movements. Here too Wodzinski challenges the ideologically charged assumptions of a generation of historians who refused to see the advocates of Jewish modernity in nineteenth-century Poland as an integral part of the Haskalah movement. Extensive consideration is given to the professional, social, institutional, and ideological characteristics of the Polish Haskalah as well as to its geographic extent, and to the changes the movement underwent in the course of the nineteenth century. Similar attention is given to the influence of the specific characteristics of Polish hasidism on the shape of the conflict, especially as regard the size of the movement and the evolution of hasidic communal involvement. In consequence the book presents a synthesis that offers both breadth and depth, contextualizing its subject matter within the broader domains of the European Enlightenment and Polish culture, hasidism and rabbinic culture, tsarist policy and Polish history, not to mention the ins and outs of the Haskalah itself across Europe. An extensive appendix presents translations of nineteen important and hitherto unknown sources of relevance to a nuanced understanding of many aspects of nineteenth-century Jewish history in Poland and eastern Europe more generally.

This book focuses on the formative years of Nahum Sokolow's political thought during the years in which he dedicated his energies to working within the social fabric of the Jewish community of Polish lands. In his political thought, activities and agenda, Sokolow consistently searched for a "middle way" that would create a common space in which the many different sectors of Jewish society could come together. Sokolow also hoped that his political agenda would have an impact upon Polish society at a time when Jews and non-traditional Jewish movements were heavily influenced by the liberal atmosphere of Polish positivism. Until the end of the 1890s Sokolow hoped that the Jewish progressive circle would be his main political and ideological ally. However, as the twentieth century approached Sokolow realized that his attempt to persuade these intellectuals to join him in his new political agenda had failed. This forced him to turn to a new ideological formula, the Zionist movement. Even then, however, he continued to espouse his own moderate brand of Jewish politics for the remainder of his life in Russian Empire, Germany and England. Over the years, this commitment to his unique ideology made Sokolow one of the most prominent representatives of Polish Jewish.

A leading critic of Polish literature, Artur Sandauer (1913-1989) takes a hard, at times painful, look at the critical role that Jews and individuals of "Jewish descent" played as both creators and objects of literature and culture in twentieth-century Poland. Through an engaging series of essays, Sandauer analyzes major figures in Polish literature via the prism of one central, if at times muted, issue: "the Jews." Sandauer begins his analysis by looking at such classics of Polish literature as Mickiewicz, continues by discussing the experiences of writers in the interwar era such as Tuwim and Schulz, challenges reigning myths of the war years with critical examinations of works by Andrzejewski and Miłosz, exposes the problematic relationship between writers and the Communist regime through the career of Ważyk, and concludes with hope for Poland's future with discussions of Szymborska and, in a bold display of intellectual honesty, himself. Written during the period of martial law, Sandauer's work stands as a testimony to the power of the written word as well as the renaissance in Jewish studies taking place in contemporary Poland.

This is not the first biography of Manasseh of Ilya, however it claims to be the most embracing and authoritative one, offering new details of Manasseh's life and work and the influences that molded them. The distinctiveness of the book is not only the chapter on the library at Vyasin, but also a thorough analysis of Manasseh's attitude to Hasidism, a problem raised by scholars before but never solved satisfactorily. Another contribution to this work is the description of Manasseh's indebtedness to the thought and ideals of the European Enlightenment. In terms of rabbinic Judaism, Manasseh was no doubt an Illuy (genius), but as had happened to others before him, the use of his talmudic erudition was not in the realm of rabbinic studies, but in support of his reformist ideals, which aimed at cardinal changes in the economic, social and cultural aspects of Jewry. It was, however, the tragedy of his life that he was unable to bridge the abyss between ideal and reality. In other words, his Torah experience was unable to provide him with the tools needed for the articulation and even less so for the implementation of his ideals.

המאמרים בספר: משה רוסמן - מכתבי הבעש"ט: לקראת הערכה מחודשת אדם טלר - מסורת סלוצק על ראשית דרכו של הבעש"ט עמנואל - אטקס מאגיה ובעלי-שם בספרות ההשכלה יוסף שלמון - על פולמוס כנגד החסידות בהקדמת ר' ברוך משקלוב ל'ספר אוקלידוס' שמואל ורסס - כתב פולמוס משכילי גנוז בגנותה של החסידות שמואל פיינר - באמונה בלבד! הפולמוס של ר' נתן מנמירוב נגד האתאיזם וההשכלה דוד אסף - 'שאינו מאמין בגדולי הדור': המאבק החסידי על כבודו של ספר 'אור החיים' ומשמעותו ההיסטורית נחום קרלינסקי - החברה החסידית של צפת במחצית השנייה של המאה הי"ט כחברת מהגרים: היבטים דמוגרפיים וגיבוש חברתי שאול שטמפפר - לקורות מחלוקת הסכינים המלוטשות משה חלמיש - טיפולוגיה של ספרי קבלה בהשקפתו של ר' צדוק הכהן מלובלין נפתלי לוונטל - בין מיסטיקה למודרניות: עבודת ה' החב"דית במאה העשרים יוסף דן - קצה של החסידות הפרומקיניאנית

The eleven core essays in this volume consider aspects of hasidism and the mitnagdic tradition; the impact of Haskalah and Reform; liturgical and social characteristics of the more modern synagogues in Warsaw, Lódz, and Lwów; Hillel Zeitlin's response to Zionism and modern philosophy; and present-day contacts of Bobower hasidim with Bobowa in Poland. The New Views section covers eleven other areas of Polish-Jewish studies, and there is an extensive Book Review section.